On Computational Creativity

A recent discussion with a friend, Ramya, on the topic of Computational Creativity got me thinking. For sure my views will change in the course of time, but at least I would have penned down – and safely stored – my initial views that I may come back in a month or so and chuckle at my naivety.

A nice question that Ramya asked was not the standard “Could computer programs even be capable of creativity?” (which is IMHO a completely philosophical discussion and I side an author a work I read – it entirely depends on how you define creativity), but rather, “Why would you want ‘creative’ programs in the first place?”. Computer programs that detect or comprehend things that humans can do (like how programs can detect handwriting, or pictures, etc.) are immensely useful to us, it helps simplify a lot of routine work.

If you look at the point of human existence as an elaborate ploy to create things (and subsequently destroy them), as I do, “creative programs” seem like a step in the opposite direction. Does “creativity” have any meaning to us if it doesn’t involve our own ingenuity? Or in other words, do we appreciate “creations” because of the mystery in their happening (as we do with nature or other artists?). I think not – what difference should it make whether creative arts produced by a “computer” or anyone else. Of course, computational creativity is hardly good enough to actually be appreciated (except in art, where there are some really good results (“Aaron the Painter” and Wikipedia).

My interest in the topic is purely academic, and the preceding discussion is more or less for amusement. To me computational creativity has 4 raisons d’etre:

  1. To better understand the process of creativity.
  2. In all likelihood we will find that computational methods can not produce human-like output (perhaps it is foolish to think they should be human-like – perhaps it’s output is “better” – though I doubt it), and we rejoice our uniqueness and awesomeness and go own with our inane item songs and pointless reality shows and whatnot.
  3. To exercise our own creativity in creating something capable of “creativity”
  4. (My favourite) To take our own creativity to the next level. What new majestic works of art would be we be capable of if we had help in our planning and execution? Could we plan or design a grand musical tapestry at a high level and fine tune computationally “created” output generated?

A concluding note, it often seems eerie how we categorically dispel any sense of “self-importance”. We are not at the centre of the universe, we are nothing but evolved monkeys (amoeba even), we are largely made from the same chemicals that make up lipstick and Garry Kasparov could be defeated by a computer program…

  • Roshan
    My last comment got eaten up by something so here's what it was about. David Cope - Experiments in Musical Intelligence and all the improvements he's made to that. I'd link, but I think that was the reason for my comment's downfall last time.
  • Joshi
    Not really on topic, but rather close -
    http://abstrusegoose.com/204
  • arunchaganty
    Hey,
    Thanks for the awesome response!

    @Kashyap/Avantika: In general, I think that the scope of this topic, and of discussion should be limited to the "creativity" that a "computer program" is capable of "creating", an not our creativity in making such a program (because we make so many other programs as well), nor a more general notion of creativity say in nature (because our scope is limited to conscious creations).

    @Avantika: Though this is off-topic, I think by the general definition of God, most of human activities (atleast in the past century or so) have been an elaborate game of "playing god" - this included. My view to the same (and apologies if this view may offend anyone) is God has very little to do with our explicit creation (but he still exists), and thus our activities are not "playing god" as much as "doing things we thought impossible".

    @NG: Wow!, I'm surprised to find that someone actually sides computers in this debate. There are a great deal of questions that are raised with "teaching a computer" how to be "creative" - and I think most detractors feel that any "creativity" that a computer has must be infused by the creator.

    I support you in believing that this need not be true. A computer could very well arise at inferences that may have originated from the creator, but by no means are direct or trivial inferences. I liken it to a statement along the lines of saying that any "creativity" you are capable of has been infused by your infinitely removed ancestors (i.e. the amoeba).

    @Ramya: I am sure that such a discussion feels "Frankenstein-ian", however I think this should be taken in a neutral light in the interest of scientific pursuit - I myself have not come to a conclusion of the topic, nor what it entails.

    Regarding the picture (which I unfortunately cannot find a link to online), I'd like to raise a point that it could be that the program simply draws something that is similar to much of the artwork is has seen - nothing really creative on it's part. However, you see it, and you interpret it to be something far deeper than what the computer appreciates of it.

    The spark that "ignites" one to be creative is a something that is rather hard to define. A computer program could decide to create a work of art based on some picture it sees - The Painting Fool does something very similar.

    Regarding point 4, what I mean to say is that just as we leveraged machines to automate the creation of the components needed to create say the space shuttle (and thus concentrate on the "bigger picture"), similarly could we not leverage such "creative" programs, and create an overarching work of art? I can't imagine what it would be, just like one couldn't imagine what the space shuttle might have been before the industrial era.

    @Alva: I like your view of the topic :-)

    Thanks again for the wonderful response. It always feels awesome if the discussion of a post is longer than the post itself :-P
  • Slinky said:"If you look at the point of human existence as an elaborate ploy to create things (and subsequently destroy them), as I do, “creative programs” seem like a step in the opposite direction."

    I don't think so. Creativity doesn't need our ingenuity to be creative. We, the evolved monkeys :P, have come into existence very recently in history. And how can we so quickly forget the creativity of nature.

    Creating "creative programs" is also creativity. Though the programs may not perform well, but the fact that they can perform is very interesting. The only difference is that it's not creativity in "art", but creativity in code and it requires some skill to understand. It is the same in arts too. One needs intelligence to understand the creativity behind an art.

    Good post. Though provoking.
  • Hey
    Nice question that triggers a few philosophical thoughts in me more than the technical ones ...

    I am unaware of the current scenario i.e how "creative" a computer is right now. But I agree that it makes perfect sense to try making a machine creative. If not "differently new", it can still do new things.

    But I'm strictly of the opinion that a computational device cannot really have creativity. A million or even a trillion gates cannot replace the wonders produced by a few chemical in our Brain ( and Slinky .. :P )
  • The point I really agree with - "depends on how you define creativity"

    Can humans truly understand (as in quantify the processes behind) their own creativity ? If the answer is yes then theoretically "computational creativity" should be possible...

    As to the use or need of computational creativity - well technically you wouldn't need it as long as you have humans who are creative enough and are willing to come up with creative solutions to problems. Just like you would not need computers running brute force algorithms if you have humans who are good enough at maths and are diligent and tireless enough to work out the equations themselves...

    You can never have enough of something - and that includes creativity. Making creative computers would enable us to surpass our biological limitations in yet another (perhaps the final ??) manner.

    The tough questions like "what defines humanity ?" and "are we special ?" are all answerable these days - the only thing is - we should be able to accept the answers...
  • I was spellbound to see the art work on the AI magazine you had. And yeah it really gave me a rude shock and the jolt triggered the thought process.

    As you mention, there are different degrees of Creativity. Modifications / additions / alternates to the existing things is also in a way creativity but doing something totally different for the first time eg : the (cave)man who was bored in life and started drawing for the first time, is a different level of creativity, which I doubt the machines can ever be (made) able to accomplish.

    The spark that iginites one to be creative is the key difference.
    The computer may be "taught" how to come up with patterns (based on the database). But ability to come up with really _new_ things / ideas? (I am not yet technically apt to comment on the possibilities of computational creativity. )

    About the point #4 :
    What do "Planning and execution " have to do with creativity ? For me, creativity is due an instantaneous instinct.
    But yeah, the confluence of different ideas to create a work of the level say St. Peter's Basilica, Mysore Palace paintings etc., needs planning and execution but it it is different.

    At least w.r.t to art, the concept of using the creativity of the computer to come up with a super master piece does not make sense to me (at least no till now). (This is different from different people putting their creativity together.)
    Even with music, what is in tweaking a set of computer generated tunes ? How would one call that a majestic work ? I still cannot appreciate this.

    The points #1, #2 and that in process of coming up with computational creativity, we can (try) understanding some aspects of how human creativity works seem fair enough arguements. Of course my point of view for #4 is totally different ; ) [and it might change over time.]

    @ what difference should it make whether creative arts produced by a “computer” or anyone else : I disagree with this. (Not enough space to argue :P )

    ;)
    Well... I should stop here :P
  • Hey,

    Interesting post.

    It might still be too early to say whether a computer can be creative or not, but I strongly suspect they will. Creativity in a lot of forms arises from the specific nature of patterns that could be gotten out of a system, and there might be myriad ways of teaching a computer to do just that! You might perhaps generate art [1], generate language or even music by learning and transitioning between specific patterns... :) The tricky part though will be ingenuity -- learning new metapatterns (how patterns are formed).

    My favorite reason for doing any of the above would be to understand how a human does it. Maybe creativity is just something we haven't figured the basic operations for (like that of a Turing machine :P)

    [1] http://www.contextfreeart.org/

    --
    NG
  • Avantika
    Thought provoking as usual..

    As for computer produced "creativity" I am of the opinion that it can hardly ever match human creativity (better or worse). Then again some humans are believed to be more creative than others, also because some value creativity more than others.

    Many people care more for functionality of a method/program than the creativity..But to combine functionality and creativity could just take the output to a new level..

    This whole issue of computational "creativity" as I see it-
    1. Creativity in writing the code..
    2. Creativity in the application of the program
    3. Creativity in the output, aesthetic appeal, human-like behavior of computer programs
    4. Computational creativity as an aid to human creativity.. (as in point 4 - my favorite too..)
    My concluding note - Computational creativity seems to be a human way to play god and use our own creativity to create something, considering we dint have a choice to create ourselves.
    Sorry slinky for spamming on your blog..but seeing I havnt created one for myself I have taken to infringing on your space.. :P
blog comments powered by Disqus

Bad Behavior has blocked 527 access attempts in the last 7 days.